LEED-New Construction Project Management
Green building design or, at least, the principles of building green have been around for thousands of years. Examples in history and vernacular architecture all over the globe show that buildings were designed and built in direct response to natural climatic conditions.
These structures were green even before the term was coined. Right from caves to tents to igloos, people adapted their shelter structures to the natural surroundings. Pueblo Indians, for instance, used a southern exposure plus overhanging cliffs to warm their adobes in winter, while sunlight struck less directly during the hot summer.1 The ancient Romans similarly employed southern facing houses to trap heat inside during the cold winter months, using clear materials like mica or glass, which acted as solar heat traps.2 In fact, good building design should be inherently green—oriented to maximize the benefits of sunlight and wind, with an envelope that is designed in response to the local climate and with building systems and components that are energy, water, and resource efficient.
These should be fundamental to the way buildings are designed. However, with the advent of heating and air conditioning systems in the twentieth century, there was a dramatic shift in the way buildings were designed. It became easy to alter the internal environment rather than designing in response to external climate conditions.
As green building pioneer William McDonough puts it in the Foreword to Big and Green, “Most conventional practitioners of modern design and construction find it easier to make buildings as if nature and place did not exist. In Rangoon or Racine, their work is the same.”3 Modern buildings became isolated from the immediate environment and started consuming energy created by burning fossil fuels, like coal and oil. Buildings became one of the major sources of consumption of energy in the world, in the United States in particular.
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