Testing of the Plastic Deformation of Metals
The plasticity of metals is central, not only to materials science as a subject, but also to the whole history of technological development. Broadly speaking, the only metal found naturally in elemental form is gold, which has been prized throughout human history – partly due to its lustre, but also because it can readily be formed into various shapes (including very thin foil).
Development of the skills and knowledge needed to extract other metals has been transformational for human society and their most important feature is arguably their capacity for permanent shape change, without fracturing. While an understanding of the mechanisms involved is relatively recent, it still extends back several decades. Many thousands of books and papers, published over the past 100 years, cover the topic in detail. This coverage includes both the micro-mechanisms, with the discovery of the dislocation being pivotal, and engineer-ing aspects, usually with the plasticity being treated on a continuum basis.
Several books contain a mixture of physical metallurgy and associated mechanical properties, with mechanical testing procedures often covered in some way. However, relatively few books have been dedicated to testing of metal plasticity. The importance of detailed characterization, and of measurements being made with an understanding of what is taking place inside a sample during a test, has therefore prompted us to produce this book.
Its content is based both on several decades of teaching and research experience in Cambridge University and also on extensive interaction with a range of industrial partners and collaborators over that period. This has included, over the past few years, our close involvement with the founding and development of Plastometrex, a company that is oriented towards the development of novel procedures for testing of metal plasticity.
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